United States

The Government of the United States

Flag of the United States

Coercion

Dossier

Obligation of the United States not to coerce Canada: violatedThe Government of the United States · since 7 January 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

“No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State.”

Record

The United States declared the end of Canada as an independent state to be its aim, and economic force to be its means. Canada now prepares its defence against the United States.

“No, economic force”, the answer of the President-elect to the question of military force to take Canada.

7 January 2025 · Mar-a-Lago, Florida

United States military action against Canada entered by the Government of Canada in its risk scenarios as an “extreme tail risk”.

September 2026 · BNN Bloomberg

Donald J. Trump

President of the United States

Donald J. Trump, President of the United States

2 June 2025
The White House, Washington

Coercion

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedPresident of the United States · 7 January 2025 – 10 March 2026

Office President of the United Statessince 20 January 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

Record

The head of state of the United States made the absorption of Canada the aim of his office and economic force its means. He offers the defence of Canada as the price of its surrender and names its Prime Minister a governor.

“No, economic force”, in answer to the question of military force to take Canada.

7 January 2025 · Mar-a-Lago, Florida

“Canada would be much better off being the 51st state”; the plan is “a real thing”.

9 February 2025 · Fox News, interview

“Become the 51st state and you get it for free”, of missile defence for Canada.

30 September 2025 · address to senior military officers, Virginia

“The future Governor of Canada, Mark Carney”, of the Prime Minister of Canada.

10 March 2026 · Truth Social

“51st State!”, over a report of recession in Canada.

June 2026 · Truth Social

JD Vance

Vice President of the United States

JD Vance, Vice President of the United States

25 March 2026
The White House, Washington

Hostile interference

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedVice President of the United States · 25 August 2026

Office Vice President of the United Statessince 20 January 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

Record

The Vice President of the United States named Canada a state of the Union in a public address, and named it again as a slip.

“We have to remember, Canada is a state, sorry, Freudian slip.”

25 August 2026 · address at a manufacturing plant

Marco Rubio

Secretary of State of the United States

Marco Rubio, Secretary of State of the United States

21 January 2025
Washington

Hostile interference

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedSecretary of State of the United States · 27 April 2025

Office Secretary of State of the United Statessince 21 January 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

Record

The chief diplomat of the United States carried the absorption of Canada to the world as the standing view of the President.

“I think the President has stated repeatedly he thinks Canada would be better off as a state.”

27 April 2025 · NBC, Meet the Press

Karoline Leavitt

Press Secretary of the White House

Karoline Leavitt, Press Secretary of the White House

25 July 2025
The White House, Washington

Coercion

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedPress Secretary of the White House · April 2025

Office Press Secretary of the White Housesince 20 January 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

Record

The White House confirmed the absorption of Canada as the standing position of the President of the United States.

“The president still maintains his position on Canada. He believes that Canadians would benefit greatly from becoming the 51st state of the United States of America.”

April 2025 · press briefing, the White House

Howard Lutnick

Secretary of Commerce of the United States

Howard Lutnick, Secretary of Commerce

Coercion

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedSecretary of Commerce of the United States · 12 March 2025

Office Secretary of Commerce of the United Statessince 21 February 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

Record

The Secretary of Commerce of the United States named the absorption of Canada as the means to take its economy.

“The best way, the president has said it, the best way to actually merge the economies of Canada and the United States is for Canada to become our 51st state.”

12 March 2025 · Fox Business, Varney & Co.

Scott Bessent

Secretary of the Treasury of the United States

Scott Bessent, Secretary of the Treasury of the United States

6 February 2025
Washington

Incitement to secession

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedSecretary of the Treasury of the United States · January 2026

Office Secretary of the Treasury of the United Statessince 28 January 2025

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

The Treasury of the United States called a province of Canada to break away and come into the Union.

“I think we should let them come down into the U.S., and Alberta is a natural partner for the U.S.”

January 2026 · Real America’s Voice, World Economic Forum, Davos

Kristi Noem

Secretary of Homeland Security of the United States, 2025–2026

Kristi Noem, Secretary of Homeland Security of the United States, 2025–2026

2 April 2025
Washington

Territorial claim

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedSecretary of Homeland Security of the United States · 30 January 2025

Office Secretary of Homeland Security of the United States25 January 2025 – 31 March 2026

Office Special Envoy for the Shield of the Americassince March 2026

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

The minister of the border of the United States stepped onto the soil of Canada and claimed it as a state of the Union.

“The 51st state”, three times, each time on stepping across the line of the border to the side of Canada; “USA No. 1” on the side of the United States.

30 January 2025 · Haskell Free Library, Derby Line, Vermont – Stanstead, Quebec

Pete Hoekstra

Ambassador of the United States to Canada

Pete Hoekstra, Ambassador of the United States to Canada

15 April 2025
Department of State, Washington

Diplomatic interference

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation of a diplomat not to interfere in the internal affairs of Canada: violatedAmbassador of the United States to Canada · 2 June 2026

Office Ambassador of the United States to Canadasince 2025

Law

“They also have a duty not to interfere in the internal affairs of that State.”

Record

The envoy of the United States accredited in Ottawa carried the demand for the absorption of Canada to the people of Canada.

Republished the post of the President: “51st State!”

2 June 2026 · X

Canada as the fifty-first state named “a great discussion” for the President and the Prime Minister of Canada.

2026 · CBC

Elon Musk

Senior Adviser to the President, 2025

Elon Musk, Senior Adviser to the President

11 February 2025
The Oval Office, Washington

Hostile interference

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedSenior Adviser to the President · 7 January 2025 – 24 February 2025

Office Senior Adviser to the President, Department of Government EfficiencyJanuary – May 2025

Law

“No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State.”

Record

An adviser in the office of the President of the United States denied that Canada is a country.

“Girl, you’re not the governor of Canada anymore, so it doesn’t matter what you say.”, to the Prime Minister of Canada.

7 January 2025 · X

“Canada is not a real country.” Deleted after publication.

24 February 2025 · X

Lindsey Graham

Senator of the United States, South Carolina

Lindsey Graham, Senator of the United States, South Carolina

26 March 2013
Washington

Territorial claim

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedSenator of the United States · 6 January 2025

Office Senator of the United States, South Carolinasince 2003

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

At the count of the electoral votes of the Union, a Senator of the United States claimed Canada as the next state to be counted.

“My only thought today as the states’ electoral votes were listed off: they skipped Canada. We’ll fix that next time!”

6 January 2025 · X

Kevin Cramer

Senator of the United States, North Dakota

Kevin Cramer, Senator of the United States

Territorial claim

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedSenator of the United States · 9 January 2025

Office Senator of the United States, North Dakotasince 2019

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

A Senator of the United States claimed the provinces of Canada as states of the Union and its ports as their spoils.

“I wouldn’t mind having their ports, to be honest with you.”, of Canada; the provinces proposed as several states of the Union, not one.

9 January 2025 · NOTUS

Bernie Moreno

Senator of the United States, Ohio

Bernie Moreno, Senator of the United States, Ohio

3 January 2025
Washington

Hostile interference

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the political independence of Canada: violatedSenator of the United States · 11 March 2025

Office Senator of the United States, Ohiosince 3 January 2025

Law

“No State may use or encourage the use of economic, political or any other type of measures to coerce another State in order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any kind.”

Record

A Senator of the United States declared the absorption of Canada a good decision and the resources of Canada a gain of the Union.

“Ultimately, that’s Canada’s decision. It would be a good one.”, of Canada as a state of the Union.

11 March 2025 · NOTUS

“They’d share resources with us. They’d never have to worry about tariffs.”

11 March 2025 · NOTUS

Tommy Tuberville

Senator of the United States, Alabama

Tommy Tuberville, Senator of the United States, Alabama

1 March 2023
Washington

Territorial claim

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedSenator of the United States · 9 January 2025

Office Senator of the United States, Alabamasince 2021

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

A Senator of the United States claimed Canada as a state of the Union for the security of the United States.

“It’d be like Hawaii, you know.”, of Canada as a state of the Union; “it’s all about national security”.

9 January 2025 · NOTUS

Ron Johnson

Senator of the United States, Wisconsin

Ron Johnson, Senator of the United States, Wisconsin

1 January 2020
Washington

Territorial claim

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedSenator of the United States · 9 January 2025

Office Senator of the United States, Wisconsinsince 2011

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

A Senator of the United States declared the claim to Canada strategic and refused to treat it as a jest.

“It’s smart of him to realize how strategic they are. I don’t think it’s something to be just laughed off or ridiculed.”, of the claim of the President to Canada and Greenland.

9 January 2025 · NOTUS

Andy Harris

Member of the House of Representatives, Maryland

Andy Harris, Member of the House of Representatives

6 December 2018
United States House of Representatives

Incitement to secession

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Obligation to respect the territorial integrity of Canada: violatedMember of the House of Representatives · 31 August 2026

Office Member of the House of Representatives, Maryland, 1st districtsince 2011

Law

“Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and territorial integrity of any other State or country.”

Record

A member of the Congress of the United States called for a province of Canada to be cut away and taken as a state of the Union for its oil.

“We should make it the 51st state. Tremendous oil reserves there.” Of Alberta.

31 August 2026 · Newsmax

Steve Bannon

Host, War Room

Steve Bannon, Host, War Room

12 June 2025
Tampa, Florida · Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 4.0

Hostile interference

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Office Host, War Roomsince 2019

Office Chief Strategist to the President of the United States2017

Record

The former chief strategist of the President of the United States told the people of Canada to take the demand for their absorption as an honour.

“For [the President] to even mention that, and to have the American people say, ‘Hey, this is something we really like,’ Canadians should take that as the greatest compliment you’ve ever had.”, of Canada as the fifty-first state.

22 February 2025 · Conservative Political Action Conference, Maryland

Tucker Carlson

Host, The Tucker Carlson Show

Tucker Carlson, Host, The Tucker Carlson Show

11 July 2025
Tampa, Florida · Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 4.0

Incitement to invasion

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Office Host, The Tucker Carlson Showsince 2023

Office Host, Fox News2016 – 2023

Record

From a broadcast of the United States, an armed force was called north against Canada, and a case to invade Canada was declared.

“Why are we not sending an armed force north to liberate Canada from Trudeau, and I mean it.”

January 2023 · Fox Nation, Tucker Carlson Today

“You could make a human rights case to invade Canada.”

2 April 2026 · The Tucker Carlson Show

“If ever there was a people that needed liberation from a government that hates them, it’s the Canadians.”

2 April 2026 · The Tucker Carlson Show

Jesse Watters

Host, Fox News

Jesse Watters, Host, Fox News

20 December 2021
Phoenix, Arizona · Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 2.0

Incitement to invasion

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Office Host, The Five and Jesse Watters Primetime, Fox Newssince 2017

Record

On national television in the United States, the refusal of Canada to be taken over was answered with the wish to invade it.

“The fact that they don’t want us to take them over makes me want to invade.”

7 January 2025 · Fox News, The Five

“I would consider it a privilege to be taken over by the United States of America.”

7 January 2025 · Fox News, The Five

Benny Johnson

Host, The Benny Show

Benny Johnson, Host, The Benny Show

22 April 2026
Waco, Texas · Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 4.0

Incitement to invasion

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Office Host, The Benny Show

Office Contributor, Turning Point USA

Record

Before an audience of millions in the United States, a province of Canada was declared American and its taking by force put forward.

“Why wouldn’t we take it by force?”, of Alberta; the province “should be American”.

26 August 2026 · YouTube, Rumble, X

“Full support… this is how we win.”, of the secession of Alberta.

26 August 2026 · YouTube

Drew Horn

Former intelligence official of President Trump

4 October 2026

Incitement to secession

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Office Former special forces commander, United States Army

Office National intelligence post, first administration of President Trump

Office Head, Greenland Policy Coordination Committee, National Security Council

Record

A former intelligence official of the President of the United States promised a province of Canada a welcome into the Union and named its oil as the price.

“would welcome Alberta with open arms”, of President Trump.

3 October 2026 · The Globe and Mail

“the president likes to cut deals. And so obviously the oil and resources wealth of Alberta – if that was worked into the equation – I think there’s a lot of things that could be possible.”

3 October 2026 · The Globe and Mail

Drew Born

Co-founder, 10X Votes

4 October 2026

Incitement to secession

Assault on Canada: committed

Dossier

Office Co-founder, 10X Votes

Office Republican campaign operative, Michigan

Record

A campaign operative of the United States, in the service of the separatists of Alberta, prayed in public for the province to be cut away from Canada.

“On this Canada Day, I hope this is the last year Alberta is part of Canada.”

1 July 2025 · social media

“I pray daily this happens.”, of the secession of Alberta.

August 2025 · social media